Publications

Les plus récents résultats d’une étude menée par l’Observatoire québécois de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques (OQACC) auprès de résidentes et résidents du Québec permettent de conclure que 34,8 % de la population habitant en zone inondable ne le sait pas ou pense le contraire, ce qui constitue une augmentation comparativement aux résultats de l'étude précédente menée par l'Observatoire en 2015 (26,3 %), et ce, en dépit des inondations majeures du printemps 2019.

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of floods in the province of Quebec, Canada. Therefore, in 2015, to better monitor the level of adaptation to flooding of Quebec residents living in or near a flood-prone area, the Quebec Observatory of Adaptation to Climate Change developed five indices of adaptation to flooding, according to the chronology of events. The present study was conducted 4 years later and is a follow-up to the 2015 one. Two independent samples of 1951 (2015) and 974 (2019) individuals completed a questionnaire on their adoption (or non-adoption) of flood adaptation behaviors, their perception of the mental and physical impacts of flooding, and their knowledge of the fact that they lived in a flood-prone area.

Six études de cas ont permis d’identifier des facteurs qui motivent les instances publiques à développer des instruments de politiques publiques ainsi que d’autres qui facilitent leur mise en œuvre et qui favorisent leurs effets positifs. Trois études ont porté sur les mécanismes utilisés par les provinces ou États pour soutenir les municipalités dans leur planification de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques. Elles se sont penchées sur les instruments utilisés en Nouvelle-Écosse, au Nouveau-Brunswick et au Massachusetts. Une autre étude a porté sur l’évaluation environnementale de projets de stabilisation des berges sur la Côte-Nord, au Québec. Une cinquième étude a porté sur la prise en compte de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques dans le schéma d’aménagement et de développement (SAD) de l’agglomération de Montréal. Une sixième étude s’est penchée sur la démarche de planification Climate Ready Boston.

The aim of this study is to identify which psychosocial factors of the theory of planned behavior better predict and explain the adoption of heat and flood adaptation behaviors by municipal authorities in the Province of Quebec, Canada, and to explore the cognitive structures motivating municipal officers to adopt adaptation behaviors. The results of structural equation analyses showed that municipal authorities’ attitude toward the adoption of adaptation behaviors (i.e., the degree to which the performance of an adaptive behavior is positively or negatively valued by municipal officers) and perceived control (barriers) over adaptation behaviors significantly contributed to the prediction of readiness to adopt the behavior.

Recent evidence suggests that climate change and other factors are leading to the emergence of Lyme disease in the province of Quebec, where it previously did not exist. As risk areas expand further north, the population can adopt specific preventive behaviors to limit chances of infection. The objectives of this study were to  create an index of Lyme disease prevention behaviors (LDPB), and use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain the decision-making process of people who choose to adopt preventive behaviors.

The increase in the frequency of floods, which is a projected consequence of climate change, can have wide-ranging health and economic impacts. To cope with these floods and to reduce their impacts, households can adopt some preventive behaviours. The main goal of this research was to compare the adoption of flood mitigation behaviours in three populations presenting distinctive characteristics with a valid and an invariant measure of behavioural adaptation, as well as a baseline measure (comparison group). The article also aims to test the moderated effect of having experienced a flood on the relation between the perception of risk of being flooded and the adoption of preventive behaviours. A survey was conducted in flood-prone areas and in some areas that were not at risk in Quebec, Canada, through phone interviews. Results confirmed that people who lived in an at-risk area and had experienced past flooding events are more inclined to adopt preventive behaviours than people who lived in an at-risk area but had never experienced such an event, and those who lived outside at-risk areas. In addition, our results indicate that the at-risk population who have never experienced a flood engage in few flood preventive behaviours.

As the literature on heat tolerance suggests that the elderly are generally more heat-intolerant and suffer more from the substantial impacts of excessive heat on human health, exacerbated by their higher rate of chronic diseases, it is important to learn how to better protect this vulnerable population. Moreover, many studies have shown that, despite their vulnerability, the elderly do not necessarily perceive themselves as being at risk or see heat waves as a danger to their health. This lower risk perception could hinder their adoption of adaptive behavior. This study aimed at developing a more thorough understanding of what motivates older people from the province of Quebec, Canada, to adopt pro-adaptive behaviors to protect themselves from the heat, to better predict and explain their self-reported heat adaptation behaviors, and to identify their most important beliefs. In this study, a telephone sample of 1002 persons was used to explore the decision-making process of seniors in a way that led us to illustrate specific variables that could be targeted for awareness raising. All three variables of the theory of planned behavior (i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioral control) had a statistically significant impact on intention to adapt, while intention itself was linked to adoption of adaptive behaviors.

As the literature on heat tolerance suggests that the elderly are generally more heat-intolerant and suffer more from the substantial impacts of excessive heat on human health, exacerbated by their higher rate of chronic diseases, it is important to learn how to better protect this vulnerable population. Moreover, many studies have shown that, despite their vulnerability, the elderly do not necessarily perceive themselves as being at risk or see heat waves as a danger to their health. This lower risk perception could hinder their adoption of adaptive behavior. This study aimed at developing a more thorough understanding of what motivates older people from the province of Quebec, Canada, to adopt pro-adaptive behaviors to protect themselves from the heat, to better predict and explain their self-reported heat adaptation behaviors, and to identify their most important beliefs. In this study, a telephone sample of 1002 persons was used to explore the decision-making process of seniors in a way that led us to illustrate specific variables that could be targeted for awareness raising. All three variables of the theory of planned behavior (i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioral control) had a statistically significant impact on intention to adapt, while intention itself was linked to adoption of adaptive behaviors.

To monitor the adoption of climate change adaptive behaviors in the population, public health authorities have to conduct national surveys, which can help them target vulnerable subpopulations. To ensure reliable estimates of the adoption of these preventive behaviors, many data collection methods are offered by polling firms. The aim of this study was to compare a telephone survey with a web survey on Lyme disease with regard to their representativeness.

Portrait des interventions municipales pour prévenir la maladie de Lyme. La maladie de Lyme est causée par une bactérie transmise par la piqûre d’une tique infectée. Ayant besoin de sang pour se nourrir, les tiques se fixent sur les animaux et les humains. Lorsqu’infectées par la bactérie responsable de la maladie de Lyme, elles peuvent la transmettre aux humains et aux animaux de compagnie. En raison des changements climatiques qui favorisent la survie et l’expansion géographique des tiques responsables de la transmission de la maladie de Lyme, les municipalités du Québec voient leurs résidents exposés à un risque accru de contracter cette maladie. Dans ce contexte, les municipalités peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la mise en place d’interventions préventives visant à protéger leurs résidents. Le présent bulletin dévoile la fréquence des actions entreprises par les municipalités participantes. Sont présentées ci-dessous ces actions selon leur fréquence au sein du groupe interrogé.